Study shows mental illness associated with heavy cannabis use

Wednesday, April 3, 2013

People with mental illnesses are more than seven times more likely to use cannabis weekly compared to people without a mental illness, according to researchers from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) who studied U.S. data.

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance globally, with an estimated 203 million people reporting use. Although research has found links between cannabis use and mental illness, exact numbers and prevalence of problem cannabis use had not been investigated.

"We know that people with mental illness consume more cannabis, perhaps partially as a way to self- medicate psychiatric symptoms, but this data showed us the degree of the correlation between cannabis use, misuse, and mental illness," said Dr. Shaul Lev-ran, Adjunct Scientist at CAMH and Head of Addiction Medicine at the Sheba Medical Center, Israel.

"Based on the number individuals reporting weekly use, we see that people with mental illness use cannabis at high rates. This can be of concern because it could worsen the symptoms of their mental illness," said Lev-ran, who conducted the research as a post-doctoral fellow with the Social Aetiology of Mental Illness (SAMI) Training Program at CAMH.

Researchers also found that individuals with mental illness were 10 times more likely to have a cannabis use disorder.

In this new study, published in the journal Comprehensive Psychiatry, CAMH researchers analyzed data from face-to-face interviews with over 43,000 respondents over the age of 18 from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Using structured questionnaires, the researchers assessed cannabis use as well as various mental illnesses including depression, anxiety, drug and alcohol use disorders and personality disorders, based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).

Among those will mental illness reporting at least weekly cannabis use, rates of use were particularly elevated for those with bipolar disorder, personality disorders and other substance use disorders.

In total, 4.4 per cent of individuals with a mental illness in the past 12 months reported using cannabis weekly, compared to 0.6 per cent among individuals without any mental illness. Cannabis use disorders occurred among 4 per cent of those with mental illness versus 0.4 per cent among those without.

Researchers also noted that, although cannabis use is generally higher among younger people, the association between mental illness and cannabis use was pervasive across most age groups.

They emphasize the importance of screening for frequent and problem cannabis use among those with mental illness, so that targeted prevention and intervention may be employed.

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Centre for Addiction and Mental Health: http://www.camh.net

Thanks to Centre for Addiction and Mental Health for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127567/Study_shows_mental_illness_associated_with_heavy_cannabis_use

Patti Page

Judge Rules Against ReDigi: You Cannot Resell a Digital File ...

Judge Richard Sullivan has ruled in summary judgement in the Capitol Records v. ReDigi case, "The novel question presented in this action is whether a digital music file, lawfully made and purchased, may be resold by its owner through ReDigi under the first sale doctrine. The Court determines that it cannot." While a digital music file is, in legal terms, a phonorecord (as defined by the United States Copyright Act of 1976) just like a CD or LP, this ruling makes a digital file unlike a CD or LP in that you cannot resell one.

The right to resell strikes me as a right of ownership so by ruling against same it makes our downloaded music files rentals. Or leases. As such, I have to wonder aloud, again, why we're charged ownership rates for something we do not have ownership rights to.

The essence of this case against ReDigi lies in the notion that you cannot sell a digital file without first making a copy of it. So while making a copy of a recording for ones own use is something the record labels let slide, reselling a copy of a digital file is something they will not allow. And the courts have ruled in their favor.

This understanding is, of course, confirmed by the laws of physics. It is simply impossible that the same ?material object? can be transferred over the Internet. Thus, logically, the court in London - Sire noted that the Internet transfer of a file results in a material object being ? created elsewhere at its finish .? Id . at 173. Because the reproduction right is necessarily implicated when a copyrighted work is embodied in a new material object, and because digital music files must be embodied in a new material object following their transfer over the Internet, the Court determines that the embodiment of a digital music file on a new hard disk is a reproduction within the meaning of the Copyright Act.

I have to wonder if we download all of our music directly to an external hard drive, can we then sell the entire drive since we are not in fact selling a copy? Of course I'm never going to find out since I don't want to sell my music but for CD-quality material it is as if the record companies are providing the incentive for us to buy the CD over the download since there's nothing stopping someone from buying a CD or used CD, ripping it, and reselling it. Well, there's always conscience.

Source: http://www.audiostream.com/content/judge-rules-against-redigi-you-cannot-resell-digital-file

kate walsh

The 20 Hottest TV Dads of All Time

Their parenting styles range from goofy to stern, but these fictional fathers all have good looks in common! As we gear up for iVillage's annual Hot Dads contest, we're counting down the sexiest dads to hit the small screen -- from classic '70s television to the shows we love today.

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/hottest-tv-dads/1-a-531543?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Ahottest-tv-dads-531543

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This Short Film About Shoemaking Will Make You Want to Sport Better Footwear

The most recent in a series of short documentaries by filmmaker Dustin Cohen, The Shoemaker is a film about Frank Catalfumo: a 91-year-old shoemaker and repairer who's lived in Brooklyn his entire life. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/iMn3KIV2FRg/this-short-film-about-shoemaking-will-make-you-want-to-sport-better-footwear

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Technology department to search each student's computer

Above, a computer screen containing illegal content is shown. The technology department will be searching students' computers for similar material. "The whole thing seems too dramatic," said junior Lizzy Wells.

Monday, April 8, the technology department will be collecting every student?s laptop from the 1:1 initiative for mandatory software updates. During first block, all seniors and sophomores are required to pass in their computers to the media center, and during third block all juniors and freshmen must do the same. Students are to pick up their laptops after school on Thursday, April 11 in the media center.

In addition to the software updates, the technology department will be using LanSchool to review all browsing history and downloads as recommended by other schools who have participated in the 1:1 initiative.

This is to ensure students are using their laptops for educational purposes and not for inappropriate or illegal activity, which would violate the WHS Acceptable Use Policy that every student signed upon receiving their laptop.

The technology department will specifically be looking for illegally downloaded music and games. They will also be searching for sites providing illegal movie or television content. Additionally, they will be looking for inappropriate web history, specifically pornographic sites and sites that reference drugs or alcohol.

Browser history of websites that do not censor content, such as Reddit and Tumblr, will be considered a violation of the WHS Acceptable Use Policy. This offense will be viewed as the highest degree of transgression.

Students should be aware that going ?Incognito? on Google Chrome, ?Private Browsing? on Safari or clearing their browsing history will not conceal their online actions. The technology department will view students? history on each computer?s hard drive.

The school is liable for students who violate the law while using their computers. For this reason, the technology team feels it absolutely necessary to be aware of any misconduct by students on their laptops.

?Students who use their laptops like they?re supposed to have nothing to worry about,? said technology specialist Mary Barber, ?They?ve done nothing wrong.?

If a student is found to be violating the WHS Acceptable Use Policy, which outlines the school?s expectations and guidelines for the 1:1 Initiative, he or she will be suspended for a number of days proportional to the severity of his or her offense and lose the privilege of having a laptop all together for a period of time. If the severity of a student?s misconduct is great enough, he or she will be expelled from WHS.

If the student who has violated the WHS Acceptable Use Policy is a senior, the colleges that have accepted that student will be notified. The schools will be encouraged to revoke admission, but it is ultimately their decision.

?Honestly, I?m scared because it?s unclear what the school considers appropriate or inappropriate use of the internet,? said junior Ashley Shuman.

In the week leading up to the software update, teachers are encouraged to use LanSchool to track their students during class and make sure they?re on task.

This article is an April Fools? Day joke!

Source: http://waylandstudentpress.com/2013/04/01/technology-department-to-search-each-students-computer/

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State and Local Public Finance: Analysis of the Twins Stadium Tax

Analysis of the Twins Stadium Tax

Nathan Miao

The Hennepin County/Minnesota Twins' proposal for Target Field was approved by the State Legislature and signed into law in 2006. The proposal allowed Hennepin County to finance its share by issuing tax-exempt County revenue bonds payable with a .15% county sales tax increase. While a general sales tax is a less equitable tax, it has been highly adequate and fairly feasible and efficient. Tax efficiency is measured by individual behavior and overall economic performance changes. In 2006, Hennepin County calculated it would need $20.4 million annually to pay off its ballpark bonds. But in fact, the county collected more than they expected from the .15% sales tax increase: $29.1 million[i] in 2008 and 27.3 million[ii] in 2009. ?The public library system and youth sports programs receive some funding from the excess tax revenue, making people question what the impact[iii] will be to these programs when the ballpark?s bond is repaid and the .15% sales tax is eliminated. Thus the tax?s efficiency may differ from the short-run to the long-run. As a broad-based sales tax, the Twins stadium tax tends to have a low impact on behavior responses, placing the burden of the tax on consumers. General sales taxes are considered regressive because they tax all people the same regardless of income, so the effective tax rate decreases as income increases. In addition, the Legislature approved the tax increase without a voter referendum, eliminating the voice of the public on this issue. While the stadium tax is made less regressive because it does not apply to most basic goods and services such as food and clothing, it remains a less equitable type of tax than other options[iv]. Hennepin County is repaying the debt for Target Field faster than anticipated, in part due to decreases in variable interest rates. [v] Additionally, the county used conservative revenue projections[vi] for the tax which has served the county well in the recession. ?Extra revenues are being saved for capital improvements to Target Field, as well as ahead-of-schedule debt service payments. The tax?s broad base and low rate contribute to its stability. Finally, the nature of the lease and contract with the Minnesota Twins helps reduce extra reliance on the tax, since the Twins? annual rent goes to the capital improvements fund and the team operates, maintains, and makes some improvements with its own money. Overall the stadium tax is evaluated as technically feasible. It?s low visibility and ease of collection make implementation of the tax go relatively unnoticed in the large scheme of tax obligations. However, initially there was strong public opposition to the tax making it less feasible in reality[vii]. Comparative Jurisdictions The Minnesota Vikings occupy the same tax jurisdiction as the Minnesota Twins but engaged in stadium negotiations many years later making them a great case study to juxtapose with the Twins stadium deal.? The major source of revenue generation for the city of Minneapolis is a reallocation of the current ?convention center? tax and will not include and new taxes.? The state of Minnesota plans on paying for their share of the bonds with expanded revenue through the use of new electronic charitable gambling. ??????????? ???????????

Source: http://pa5113.blogspot.com/2013/04/analysis-of-twins-stadium-tax.html

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Scott Walker?s right-wing austerity is destroying Wisconsin (Americablog)

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