Bounce house injuries to kids rise dramatically

The inflatable bounce house is a party staple, but a new study suggests that 30 children a day are treated in emergency rooms for injuries related to bounce house play.

By Lindsey Tanner,?Associated Press / November 27, 2012

The bounce house may be fun, but the number of child injuries Here, children play in a bounce house in Vidor, Tex. in 2005.

LM Otero/AP

Enlarge

They may be a big hit at kids' birthday parties, but inflatable bounce houses can be dangerous, with the number of injuries soaring in recent years, a nationwide study found.

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Kids often crowd into bounce houses, and jumping up and down can send other children flying into the air, too.

The numbers suggest 30 children a day in the United States are treated in emergency rooms for broken bones, sprains, cuts, and concussions from bounce house accidents. Most involve children falling inside or out of the inflated playthings, and many children get hurt when they collide with other bouncing kids.

As the popularity of the bounce houses has grown, the number of children aged 17 and younger who got emergency-room treatment for bounce house injuries has climbed, too ? from fewer than 1,000 in 1995 to nearly 11,000 in 2010. Injuries have doubled just since 2008.

"I was surprised by the number, especially by the rapid increase in the number of injuries," said lead author Gary Smith, director of the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio.

Amusement parks and fairs have bounce houses, and the playthings can also be rented or purchased for home use.

Dr. Smith and colleagues analyzed national surveillance data on emergency room treatment for nonfatal injuries linked with bounce houses, maintained by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Their study was published online yesterday in the journal Pediatrics.

Only about 3 percent of children were hospitalized, mostly for broken bones.

More than one-third of the injuries were in children aged five and younger. The safety commission recommends against letting children younger than six use full-size trampolines, and Smith said barring kids that young from even using smaller, home-use bounce houses would make sense.

"There is no evidence that the size or location of an inflatable bouncer affects the injury risk," he said.

Other recommendations, often listed in manufacturers' instruction pamphlets, include not overloading bounce houses with too many kids and not allowing young children to bounce with much older, heavier kids or adults, said Laura Woodburn, a spokeswoman for the National Association of Amusement Ride Safety Officials.

The study didn't include deaths, but some accidents are fatal. Separate data from the product safety commission show four bounce house deaths from 2003 to 2007, all involving children striking their heads on a hard surface.

Several nonfatal accidents occurred last year when bounce houses collapsed or were lifted by high winds.

A group that issues voluntary industry standards says bounce houses should be supervised by trained operators and recommends that bouncers be prohibited from doing flips and purposefully colliding with others, the study authors noted.

RELATED:?Top 5 parenting tips for media literacy in preschoolers

Bounce house injuries are similar to those linked with trampolines, and the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended against using trampolines at home. Policymakers should consider whether bounce houses warrant similar precautions, the authors said.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/rKT29mzUcek/Bounce-house-injuries-to-kids-rise-dramatically

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Tiny algae shed light on photosynthesis as a dynamic property

Public release date: 28-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: David Gilbert
degilbert@lbl.gov
925-296-5643
DOE/Joint Genome Institute

One of the first chemical reactions children learn is the recipe for photosynthesis, combining carbon dioxide, water and solar energy to produce organic compounds. Many of the world's most important photosynthetic eukaryotes such as plants did not develop the ability to combine these ingredients themselves. Rather, they got their light-harnessing organelles -- chloroplasts -- indirectly by stealing them from other organisms. In some instances, this has resulted in algae with multiple, distinct genomes, the evolutionary equivalent of a "turducken*."

Chloroplasts originally evolved from photosynthetic bacteria by primary endosymbiosis, in which a bacterium or other prokaryote is engulfed by a eukaryotic host. The chloroplasts of red and green algae have subsequently come to reside within other, previously non-photosynthetic eukaryotes by secondary endosymbiosis. Such events have contributed to the global diversity of photosynthetic organisms that play a crucial role in regulating and maintaining the global carbon cycle. In most organisms that acquired photosynthesis by this mechanism, the nucleus from the ingested algal cell has disappeared, but in some cases it persists as a residual organelle known as a nucleomorph. Such organisms have four distinct genomes.

To better understand the process of secondary endosymbiosis and why nucleomorphs persist in some organisms, an international team composed of 73 researchers at 27 institutions, including the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI), collaborated to sequence and analyze the genomes and transcriptomes (the expressed genes) of two tiny algae. The team led by John Archibald of Canada's Dalhousie University published their findings on the algae Bigelowellia natans and Guillardia theta online November 29, 2012 in Nature.

Archibald compared these algae to Russian nesting dolls with "sophisticated sub-cellular protein-targeting machinery" and four genomes derived from the two eukaryotes that merged over time. Approximately 50 percent of the genes in both genomes are 'unique' with no obvious counterpart in other organisms," he added. "This indicates just how different they are from characterized species."

DOE JGI Fungal Genomics Program head Igor Grigoriev called B. natans and G. theta "living fossils" because of the remnant nucleomorph. He added that algae are relevant to the Department of Energy Office of Science research portfolio for their potential applications in the fields of bioenergy and environment, noting that the DOE JGI has published over 75 percent of the publicly available algal genomes. "Iterations of endosymbiosis have led to a global diversity of these primary producers. Sequencing these two algae, the first cryptophyte and the first chlorarachniophyte sequenced, helped us to fill in the gaps in the Eukaryotic Tree of Life, and obtain additional references for better understanding of eukaryotic evolution."

Archibald said that "G. theta and B. natans both possess a surprisingly complex suite of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism, and thus represent a useful resource for scientists engaged in both basic and applied research, including photosynthesis, sub-cellular trafficking and biofuels development."

The DOE JGI sequenced the genomes of B. natans (95 million nucleotides or bases: Mb) and G. theta (87 Mb) from single cell isolates provided by Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences as part of the 2007 Community Sequencing Program portfolio. In addition, the transcriptomes were sequenced separately by the National Center for Genome Resources in New Mexico. Among the team's findings is an answer to the question of why nucleomorphs still exist.

"The reason for the persistence of nucleomorphs in both organisms appears to be surprisingly simple: they are no longer able to transfer their DNA to the host cell nucleus by the process of endosymbiotic gene transfer," said Archibald. Unlike most other secondarily photosynthetic eukaryotes in which the endosymbiont's genetic matter has completely migrated over to the host, in cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes the nucleus and chloroplast from the engulfed algae remain partitioned off from the host cell. "As a consequence," he added," genetic and biochemical mosaicism is rampant in G. theta and B. natans."

Both researchers highlighted the unexpected finding of alternative splicing in B. natans. Grigoriev noted that the phenomenon is one typical for higher eukaryotes, and Archibald added that the levels "greatly exceed that seen in the model plant Arabidopsis and on par with the human cerebral cortex, unprecedented and truly remarkable for a unicellular organism. This challenges the paradigm that complex alternative splicing is a phenomenon limited to sophisticated multicellular organisms."

"The evolution of chloroplasts, the photosynthetic compartments of plants and algal cells, is complex but has had a profound effect on our planet," said Chris Howe, Professor of Plant and Microbial Biochemistry at Cambridge University in England. "This paper gives us fascinating insights into how host and nucleomorph genomes have been remodeled during evolution. As well as providing a goldmine of information on the general biology of these organisms, the paper shows us that the nucleomorph genomes have probably persisted simply because the mechanism for transfer of genes to the nucleus was closed off, rather than because nucleomorphs had to be retained as separate entities. The paper also shows us that the evolutionary history of the nucleomorph-containing organisms was even more complex than we thought, with evidence for genes from many different sources in their nuclei. Overall, it has provided important insights into the fundamental processes of cell symbiosis and genome reshaping that have produced some of the most important organisms we see today."

###

*a seasonal dish that consists of a deboned chicken stuffed into a deboned duck, which itself is stuffed into a deboned turkey.

The U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, supported by the DOE Office of Science, is committed to advancing genomics in support of DOE missions related to clean energy generation and environmental characterization and cleanup. DOE JGI, headquartered in Walnut Creek, Calif., provides integrated high-throughput sequencing and computational analysis that enable systems-based scientific approaches to these challenges. Follow @doe_jgi on Twitter.

DOE's Office of Science is the largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit science.energy.gov.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 28-Nov-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: David Gilbert
degilbert@lbl.gov
925-296-5643
DOE/Joint Genome Institute

One of the first chemical reactions children learn is the recipe for photosynthesis, combining carbon dioxide, water and solar energy to produce organic compounds. Many of the world's most important photosynthetic eukaryotes such as plants did not develop the ability to combine these ingredients themselves. Rather, they got their light-harnessing organelles -- chloroplasts -- indirectly by stealing them from other organisms. In some instances, this has resulted in algae with multiple, distinct genomes, the evolutionary equivalent of a "turducken*."

Chloroplasts originally evolved from photosynthetic bacteria by primary endosymbiosis, in which a bacterium or other prokaryote is engulfed by a eukaryotic host. The chloroplasts of red and green algae have subsequently come to reside within other, previously non-photosynthetic eukaryotes by secondary endosymbiosis. Such events have contributed to the global diversity of photosynthetic organisms that play a crucial role in regulating and maintaining the global carbon cycle. In most organisms that acquired photosynthesis by this mechanism, the nucleus from the ingested algal cell has disappeared, but in some cases it persists as a residual organelle known as a nucleomorph. Such organisms have four distinct genomes.

To better understand the process of secondary endosymbiosis and why nucleomorphs persist in some organisms, an international team composed of 73 researchers at 27 institutions, including the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI), collaborated to sequence and analyze the genomes and transcriptomes (the expressed genes) of two tiny algae. The team led by John Archibald of Canada's Dalhousie University published their findings on the algae Bigelowellia natans and Guillardia theta online November 29, 2012 in Nature.

Archibald compared these algae to Russian nesting dolls with "sophisticated sub-cellular protein-targeting machinery" and four genomes derived from the two eukaryotes that merged over time. Approximately 50 percent of the genes in both genomes are 'unique' with no obvious counterpart in other organisms," he added. "This indicates just how different they are from characterized species."

DOE JGI Fungal Genomics Program head Igor Grigoriev called B. natans and G. theta "living fossils" because of the remnant nucleomorph. He added that algae are relevant to the Department of Energy Office of Science research portfolio for their potential applications in the fields of bioenergy and environment, noting that the DOE JGI has published over 75 percent of the publicly available algal genomes. "Iterations of endosymbiosis have led to a global diversity of these primary producers. Sequencing these two algae, the first cryptophyte and the first chlorarachniophyte sequenced, helped us to fill in the gaps in the Eukaryotic Tree of Life, and obtain additional references for better understanding of eukaryotic evolution."

Archibald said that "G. theta and B. natans both possess a surprisingly complex suite of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism, and thus represent a useful resource for scientists engaged in both basic and applied research, including photosynthesis, sub-cellular trafficking and biofuels development."

The DOE JGI sequenced the genomes of B. natans (95 million nucleotides or bases: Mb) and G. theta (87 Mb) from single cell isolates provided by Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences as part of the 2007 Community Sequencing Program portfolio. In addition, the transcriptomes were sequenced separately by the National Center for Genome Resources in New Mexico. Among the team's findings is an answer to the question of why nucleomorphs still exist.

"The reason for the persistence of nucleomorphs in both organisms appears to be surprisingly simple: they are no longer able to transfer their DNA to the host cell nucleus by the process of endosymbiotic gene transfer," said Archibald. Unlike most other secondarily photosynthetic eukaryotes in which the endosymbiont's genetic matter has completely migrated over to the host, in cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes the nucleus and chloroplast from the engulfed algae remain partitioned off from the host cell. "As a consequence," he added," genetic and biochemical mosaicism is rampant in G. theta and B. natans."

Both researchers highlighted the unexpected finding of alternative splicing in B. natans. Grigoriev noted that the phenomenon is one typical for higher eukaryotes, and Archibald added that the levels "greatly exceed that seen in the model plant Arabidopsis and on par with the human cerebral cortex, unprecedented and truly remarkable for a unicellular organism. This challenges the paradigm that complex alternative splicing is a phenomenon limited to sophisticated multicellular organisms."

"The evolution of chloroplasts, the photosynthetic compartments of plants and algal cells, is complex but has had a profound effect on our planet," said Chris Howe, Professor of Plant and Microbial Biochemistry at Cambridge University in England. "This paper gives us fascinating insights into how host and nucleomorph genomes have been remodeled during evolution. As well as providing a goldmine of information on the general biology of these organisms, the paper shows us that the nucleomorph genomes have probably persisted simply because the mechanism for transfer of genes to the nucleus was closed off, rather than because nucleomorphs had to be retained as separate entities. The paper also shows us that the evolutionary history of the nucleomorph-containing organisms was even more complex than we thought, with evidence for genes from many different sources in their nuclei. Overall, it has provided important insights into the fundamental processes of cell symbiosis and genome reshaping that have produced some of the most important organisms we see today."

###

*a seasonal dish that consists of a deboned chicken stuffed into a deboned duck, which itself is stuffed into a deboned turkey.

The U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, supported by the DOE Office of Science, is committed to advancing genomics in support of DOE missions related to clean energy generation and environmental characterization and cleanup. DOE JGI, headquartered in Walnut Creek, Calif., provides integrated high-throughput sequencing and computational analysis that enable systems-based scientific approaches to these challenges. Follow @doe_jgi on Twitter.

DOE's Office of Science is the largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit science.energy.gov.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-11/dgi-tas112012.php

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The Magazine, sub-compact publishing, and going digitally native

If Apple had created an iNewsstand store, like the iBookstore, App Store, and iTunes Store, we'd likely have gotten a more consistent, more controlled experience, rather than the mixed bag of hurt that are PNG-prints of traditional magazines by traditional entities, unwilling and unable to embrace digitally native formats. But we might not have gotten some of the truly creative, truly inspired apps that have come to Newsstand. Craig Mod takes a look at the quiet revolution that's going on in digitally native publishing right now.

Our current tools are a bit kludgey, a bit clunky, a bit too tied to the past. The Magazine is a great first example of a subcompact publication, utilizing Newsstand ? an existing under-leveraged tool ? to indigenously and ingenuously deliver content.

I?d be shocked if there weren?t a dozen other publishers prepping to launch similar magazines. Or, even better: someone building a system by which anyone could launch a Newsstand app like The Magazine ? for minimal cost with minimal complexity.

Mod argues that when you strip everything away, when you get down to only the most essential of parts, everything from the sub-compact car that revolutionized the auto industry, to the sub-compact publication which may well revolutionize the periodical industry, becomes possible for those brave and bold enough to see seize it.

That it took a developer like Marco Arment to make The Magazine, with the perfect confluence of development skills, reading app experience (Instapaper), and connections to authors who could feed his first few issues, shouldn't be underestimated. I like that The Magazine was hard. If it hadn't been, it might not have been good.

I also like that traditional publishers like The New York Times are breaking with legacy media preconceptions to do something authentic with their Newsstand app.

If I had my druthers, there'd still be an iNewsstand store proper, where Apple controls the experience, and users enjoy the consistency of the rest of iTunes. But there'd also be Newsstand-style functionality -- background downloads, easy subscription processing and management -- would be available to all apps, unconstrained by the conventions of the periodical format.

Then the potential for both digital magazines, and things well beyond magazines, would really be unlocked.

Now go read Mod's entire essay, it's a fascinating look at a medium truly in need of disruption.

Source: Craig Mod

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheIphoneBlog/~3/D1E0XDTccFU/story01.htm

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5 Tips for Getting Workers' Comp | Injury Law News

Hurt on the job? You may be in luck. Most employers are required by law to carry workers? compensation insurance. This protects both the employee in the event of a work-related injury and the employer from a lawsuit. More times than not, workers? compensation will provide employees with the opportunity to collect work-injury compensation. However, just because you are injured on the job does not mean that your guaranteed workers? comp benefits. This is actually a common misconception.

Therefore, if you?re denied workers? compensation benefits, you may have to appeal to the state?s administration agency that is responsible for overseeing workers? comp benefits. And the last thing you want to do while recovering from a work-related injury is jump through hoops in order to collect workers? compensation.

Below are five tips for getting workers? comp:

File claim promptly

Each state has a different window of time to file a claim. Once this window closes, the employee may no longer be able to file for workers? compensation. Therefore, it is extremely important that you get medical help and inform you employer about your injury immediately. Then, fill out a worker?s compensation claim form and give it to your employer. Submit this request in formal writing and keep a copy for yourself. If you do not hear from the insurer within two weeks, contact them directly?do not wait.

Seek legal assistance

The next step is crucial?seek out legal counsel to review and fully understand your rights. A lawyer can help you file your workers? compensation claim and secure your benefits. When possible, speak with a workers? compensation attorney who has experience with work-related injuries. This will be particularly beneficial if either your employer or your employer?s insurance company deny you of worker?s compensation.

Keep thorough medical records

Be sure that your doctor accurately fills out your medical records in order to avoid any unnecessary hearing delays. Your medical records should include a full diagnosis, course of treatment and any pertinent disability information. Also, make sure your medical records include evidence of how your injury is directly related to your job. You should also document any mental disability that is a direct result of your work-related injury, such as depression. And make duplicate copies of your medical records too.

Contact State Administrative Agency

This is next step is important. If you are denied workers? compensation benefits from your employer, you must immediately contact your state?s workers? compensation board. Generally speaking, you have a window of one to three years to file an application with your state agency. Any application filed thereafter will most likely be denied. Your lawyer can help you review your workers? compensation file and speak on your behalf at your administrative hearing.

File for an appeal

If your claim is denied after your administrative hearing, the court will inform you of how many days you have to appeal your case. Appealing a judicial decision from a workers? compensation hearing can be very tricky. You must meet formal requirements regarding judicial mistakes made by the previous judge in order to convince the court of reasons to overturn the previous decision. That being said, it is extremely important that you choose an attorney that understands both workers? compensation and the appeals process.

Attached Images:

Sarah Barnes is a freelance writer who specializes in workers compensation claims process. As a paralegal, Sarah spends most of her time researching and defending work-related injuries.

Source: http://www.injurylawnews.us/2012/11/26/5-tips-for-getting-workers-comp/

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Air raid kills 10 children near Damascus: activists

AMMAN (Reuters) - A Syrian government air strike on a rebel-held village near Damascus killed 10 children on Sunday as they played outdoors, opposition activists said, and video footage showed residents collecting young bodies torn by shrapnel.

The children went out after a lull in fighting in Deir al-Asafir, a village 12 km (8 miles) east of Damascus, when fighter jets struck, activists and residents said.

Video footage taken by activists showed the bodies of two young girls, one wearing purple, the other red, on the street in the village, with wounds to their neck and head. A sobbing woman picked up one of the girls up and hugged her lifeless body.

Another two dead boys, hit in the head and face, were shown on the backseat of a car. Men picked up the bodies of two other children while a larger body lay next to the front wheel of a vehicle.

"None of those killed were older than 15 years old. There are two women among 15 people wounded, mostly hit as they were inside the courtyards of their houses," said Abu Kassem, an activist in the village told Reuters.

"There were no fighters inside Deir al-Asafir when the bombing occurred. They operate on the outskirts. This was indiscriminate bombing," he said.

Abu Kassem said the munitions dropped by the fighter jets were cluster bombs. Other footage showed a row of what appeared to be unexploded small bombs.

"We collected 70 of these so far," one man said.

Syria has barred most reporters from the country making it hard to verify the report.

Syrian authorities made no comment on the report, but official media have said the army has been on the offensive to "cleanse" the area of what the government calles as terrorists.

Earlier this month, the U.N. political affairs chief told the Security Council of credible reports that the Syrian military has used cluster bombs in fighting the 20-month revolt against President Bashar al-Assad's autocratic rule.

The Syrian army has denied a Human Rights Watch report issued in October that Assad's forces have used cluster bombs, saying it did not possess such weapons.

Cluster bombs are banned under a 2010 U.N. treaty, though Syria, like Israel, Russia and the United States have not signed the pact.

(Reporting by Khaled Yacoub Oweis, Amman newsroom; Editing by Jon Hemming)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/air-raid-kills-10-children-near-damascus-activists-214708546.html

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Egypt's Mursi faces judicial revolt over decree

CAIRO (Reuters) - Egyptian President Mohamed Mursi faces a rebellion from judges who accused him on Saturday of expanding his powers at their expense, deepening a crisis that has triggered calls for more protests following a day of violence across Egypt.

Judges in Alexandria, Egypt's second city, threatened to go on strike until it was revoked, and there were calls for the "downfall of the regime" - the rallying cry in the uprising that toppled Hosni Mubarak - during a meeting of judges in Cairo.

Mursi's opponents and supports - representing the divide between newly empowered Islamists and a more secular-minded opposition - have called rival demonstrations on Tuesday over his decree that has triggered concern in the West.

Issued late on Thursday, it marks an effort by Mursi to consolidate his influence after he successfully sidelined Mubarak-era generals in August. It defends from judicial review decisions taken by Mursi until a new parliament is elected in a vote expected early next year.

It also shields the Islamist-dominated assembly writing Egypt's new constitution from a raft of legal challenges that have threatened the body with dissolution, and offers the same protection to the Islamist-controlled upper house of parliament.

Egypt's highest judicial authority, the Supreme Judicial Council, said the decree was an "unprecedented attack" on the independence of the judiciary.

Youths clashed sporadically with police near Tahrir Square, the epicenter of the uprising that toppled Mubarak in 2011, following Friday's violence in which more than 300 people were injured across Egypt. Activists camped out for a second day in the square, setting up makeshift barricades to keep out traffic.

POLARISATION

Liberal, leftist and socialist parties called a big protest for Tuesday to force Mursi to row back on a decree they say has exposed the autocratic impulses of a man once jailed by Mubarak.

In a sign of the polarization in the country, the Muslim Brotherhood - the group that propelled Mursi to power - called its own protests that day to support the president's decree.

At least three Brotherhood offices were attacked on Friday.

"We are facing a historic moment in which we either complete our revolution or we abandon it to become prey for a group that has put its narrow party interests above the national interest," the liberal Dustour Party said in a statement.

Mursi also assigned himself new authority to sack the prosecutor general - a Mubarak hold over - and appoint a new one. The dismissed prosecutor general, Abdel Maguid Mahmoud, was given a hero's welcome by several thousand judges who attended the session of Egypt's Judges' Club in Cairo on Saturday.

Ahmed al-Zind, head of the Judges' Club, introduced Mahmoud by his old title, in open defiance of Mursi's decree.

The Mursi administration has defended the decree on the grounds that it aims to speed up a protracted transition from Mubarak's rule to a new system of democratic government.

Analysts say it reflects the Brotherhood's suspicion towards sections of a judiciary unreformed from Mubarak's days.

"It aims to sideline Mursi's enemies in the judiciary and ultimately to impose and head off any legal challenges to the constitution," said Elijah Zarwan, a fellow with The European Council on Foreign Relations.

"We are in a situation now where both sides are escalating and its getting harder and harder to see how either side can gracefully climb down."

RIOT POLICE

Following a day of violence in Cairo, Alexandria, Port Said and Suez, the smell of teargas hung over Tahrir Square.

A handful of hardcore activists hurling rocks battled riot police in the streets near the square, where several thousand protesters massed on Friday to demonstrate against the decree that has rallied opposition ranks against Mursi.

Al-Masry Al-Youm, one of Egypt's most widely read dailies, hailed Friday's protest as "The November 23 Intifada", invoking the Arabic word for uprising. "The people support the president's decisions," declared Freedom and Justice, the newspaper run by the Brotherhood's political party.

The ultraorthodox Salafi Islamist groups that have been pushing for tighter application of Islamic law in the new constitution have rallied behind the decree.

The Nour Party, one such group, stated its support for the Mursi decree. Al-Gama'a al-Islamiya, which carried arms against the state in the 1990s, said it would save the revolution from what it described as remnants of the Mubarak regime.

Mursi is facing the biggest storm of criticism since he won the presidential election in June.

Samir Morkos, a Christian assistant to Mursi, had told the president he wanted to resign," said Yasser Ali, Mursi's spokesman. "The president has spoken to him today but the decision to resign is yet to be taken," Ali told Reuters.

Mursi addressed his supporters outside the presidential palace on Friday. He said opposition did not worry him, but it had to be "real and strong".

Mursi is now confronted with a domestic crisis just as his administration won international praise for mediating an end to the eight-day war between Israel and Palestinians in the Gaza Strip.

"The decisions and declarations announced on November 22 raise concerns for many Egyptians and for the international community," State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said.

The European Union urged Mursi to respect the democratic process, while the United Nations expressed fears about human rights.

(Additional reporting by Omar Fahmy, Marwa Awad and Reuters TV; Editing by Alison Williams)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/clashes-cairo-mursi-seizes-powers-053441160.html

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iCloud Revisited: My Mind's Somewhat at Ease

Last week I railed on iCloud and claimed that it was breaking my mind. I'm still sane, and iCloud isn't all bad. It's just not all goodness and light, either. I've learned quite a few things as I've gone in, messed with settings, and tested the results. iCloud is sort of an invisible mishmash of services from Apple, and depending on what you own and what you care about.

Source: http://ectnews.com.feedsportal.com/c/34520/f/632000/s/258057e8/l/0L0Stechnewsworld0N0Crsstory0C765950Bhtml/story01.htm

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Why We Need New ?Rules of War?

U.S. Marines in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, on March 3, 2011

Photo by Adek Berry/Getty Images.

Some people worry about the use of drones?unmanned aerial vehicles?in warfare. Others are concerned about potential deployment of lethal autonomous robots that are programmed to identify, track, and destroy targets and people without a human decision-maker in the loop. Many fret about cyberconflict. Some fear the effects of cognitive enhancers?pharmaceuticals that will reduce the sense of risk that troops carry with them, or enable manipulation of memories, or change moral postures?on the battlefield. Others wonder about the implications of augmented cognition as the complexity and speed of combat environments grow beyond the ability of human perceptual and cognitive capabilities. And there are other war technologies worth discussing, some of which already exist, some of which may never come to fruition: self-guiding bullets, exoskeletons for burdened soldiers, ?telepathic? brain-reading helmets, hummingbird- and insect-size cyborg platforms for surveillance or for attack, software to protect your networks and to attack those of your enemy.

It?s more than enough to feed technophobic dystopian fantasies or, alternatively, to generate techno-optimistic dreams of cultural conquest?especially, it seems, among those who have never served in military organizations. But the hyperventilation about specific technologies such as UAVs or lethal autonomous robots obscures two more subtle but fundamental challenges. The first is the need to understand, and manage, not just individual technologies but an accelerating rate of change across the entire technological frontier?indeed, each individual technology is only a small part of this much more complex reality. Second is the destabilizing impact these technologies have on the rules and norms that have evolved over centuries to try to reduce the awful impacts of war, especially on civilian populations.

Worse yet for those who would rather do their thinking in terms of bumper stickers, these challenges arise in an environment where unpredictable change in institutions, cultures, and practices of combat are all in fundamental flux. Currently, international behavior in cases of war is covered by the so-called the ?laws of war,? which govern when a state may go to war, how to carry out such a conflict, and, increasingly, how to end it ethically and legally. For example, a state may protect itself or, under some circumstances, clearly signal a potential strike, but it may not simply attack another state out of spite. In conducting a war, the force used may not be more than is necessary to achieve military objectives, and noncombatants may not be targeted or attacked, although collateral damage resulting from the otherwise lawful and necessary pursuit of military objectives is permitted. These laws of war have been developed over many centuries with contributions by many civilizations and are embodied in treaties and agreements, such as the Geneva Conventions and the U.N. Charter, as well as customary international law.

But consider these rules and their underlying assumptions in light of current conditions. For example, today?s practices and international laws assume a state-based regime?the traditional wars among countries?but a very different pattern emerges when nonstate global actors, such as radical jihadist Islam, become a major source of conflict. Worse yet, since nations are losing their traditional monopoly on military technologies, nonstate actors and even individuals are gaining the ability to impose damage on a far larger scale. The laws of war tell you when a country can respond to an attack from another country?but they say nothing about how to respond to attacks by terrorist networks woven into the fabric of nations around the world. The geographical assumption that ties combatant status to a particular physical battlefield, core to the existing framework of the laws of war, is questionable in a world of global terrorism and cyberspace confrontation. Similarly, does building software bombs or software backdoors into a potential opponent?s Internet systems, civilian and military, constitute an attack that may be responded to by force even if they remain unactivated? And what happens when nonstate actors use the laws of war against those that consider themselves bound by them (a practice called ?lawfare?)?

We are also seeing an eroding of the clear differences between a state of peace and a state of war, creating substantial institutional confusion. Drones operated by a single government such as the United States may be operated by the military or by intelligence entities, with private contractors involved to some extent. The U.S. armed forces operate under codified laws of war and strict rules of engagement, while intelligence organizations abide by very different standards (a complication that also exists in the cyberconflict domain). And it is not at all clear what formal rules may govern other players (private military contractors, for example, or nongovernmental organizations intervening in conflict zones for their own purposes). Sophisticated cyberattacks are not only difficult to attribute to any particular actor, but they often involve quasi-governmental organizations that may or may not be completely under the control, or even the sponsorship, of a particular government (like the pro-Putin youth organization Nashi). Contrary to popular belief, privateering is not just an 18^th-century phenomenon.

There is an ongoing revolution in the nature of conflict as the battlefield, freed from the constraint of traditional weapons, extends globally through cyberconnections. The terrorist on leave from the Middle East may be tracked down and terminated in Peru by a drone operated from Nevada. Combat mixes with counterinsurgency mixes with policing mixes with nation-building, each a physically, culturally, and psychologically very different space subject to varying norms and rules. There is a revolution in civilian systems as well, as technologies developed for combat ooze into the civilian sector and societies re-evaluate the balance between security and personal freedom in spaces ranging from airports to social networking sites. Cartoons or films, protected free speech in Western societies, cause explosions of violence in Islamic societies on the other side of the world. The military itself is not immune. How, for example, does a military culture of obedience and discipline fit itself to gamers and cybergeeks?

The assumptions built into existing rules and norms about the clearly bounded geographies of battlefields, or the simple status of ?combatant? vs. ?noncombatant,? or the dominant role of states in international affairs, or even about what conflict actually is, are, at the least, unstable. At the worst, they are overthrown, with no obvious substitutes. Perhaps this is inevitable given the accelerating rate of disruptive technological change and the human desire to cling to institutions that may be growing obsolete but at least worked in the past. But given the importance of trying to reduce the impacts of warfare, this area requires far more serious attention than it has received to date. It isn?t that the established laws of war, many centuries in development, have suddenly become completely inapplicable?at the least, some future conflicts will consist of traditional state-to-state combat. But, clearly, technological evolution and concomitant changes in military, cultural, and social domains have rendered virtually all of the fundamental assumptions underlying the laws of war at least potentially contingent. It is unlikely that such fundamental and pervasive change will not affect in some meaningful way doctrines and principles that were formulated and tested under very different and less complex conditions.

We need to develop a sophisticated and adaptive institutional capability to recognize critical change as it happens, understand the implications across multiple domains, and respond in ways that are rational, ethical, and responsible. Calls for new treaties regarding specific technologies?cyberconflict, lethal autonomous robots, or drones?to some extent reflect this inchoate need. But useful as they may be as learning experience, they are mere attempts to update an already obsolete international regime. They neither appreciate, nor respond to, the enormity of the challenge before us: to create new and viable laws of conflict that represent a modern, sentient, and moral response to the human condition known as war.

This article was inspired by the 2012 Chautauqua Council on Emerging Technologies and 21^st Century Conflict, sponsored by Arizona State University?s Consortium for Emerging Technologies, Military Operations, and National Security and Lincoln Center for Applied Ethics and held at the Chautauqua Institution in New York. Future Tense is a partnership of Arizona State, the New America Foundation, and Slate magazine.

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guineetim: health and fitness: Useful Information About Eczema ...

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Is Having Plastic Surgery Shallow? | Wasatch Family Therapy ...

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Gay marriage, marijuana backed in historic votes

People celebrate early election returns favoring Washington state Referendum 74, which would legalize gay marriage, during a large impromptu street gathering in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood, Tuesday, Nov. 6, 2012. The re-election of President Barack Obama and Referendum 74 drew the most supporters to the streets. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)

People celebrate early election returns favoring Washington state Referendum 74, which would legalize gay marriage, during a large impromptu street gathering in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood, Tuesday, Nov. 6, 2012. The re-election of President Barack Obama and Referendum 74 drew the most supporters to the streets. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)

Minnesotans United for All Families who oppose the gay marriage amendment cheer as the screen shows the "no" vote leading during the election night watch party early Wednesday, Nov. 7, 2012 in St. Paul, Minn. (AP Photo/Jim Mone)

People attending an Amendment 64 watch party in a bar celebrate after a local television station announced the marijuana amendment's passage, in Denver, Colo., Tuesday, Nov. 6, 2012. The amendment would make it legal in Colorado for individuals to possess and for businesses to sell marijuana for recreational use. (AP Photo/Brennan Linsley)

People attending an Amendment 64 watch party in a bar hug after a local television station announced the marijuana amendment's passage, in Denver, Colo., Tuesday, Nov. 6, 2012. The amendment would make it legal in Colorado for individuals to possess and for businesses to sell marijuana for recreational use. (AP Photo/Brennan Linsley)

Graphic shows results for ballot measures of national interest

Altering the course of U.S social policy, Maine and Maryland became the first states to approve same-sex marriage by popular vote, while Washington state and Colorado set up a showdown with federal authorities by legalizing recreational use of marijuana.

The outcomes for those ballot measures Tuesday were a milestone for persistent but often thwarted advocacy groups and activists who for decades have pressed the causes of gay rights and drug decriminalization.

"Today the state of Washington looked at 70 years of marijuana prohibition and said it's time for a new approach," said Alison Holcomb, manager of the campaign that won passage of Initiative 502 in Washington.

Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper, a Democrat who opposed legalization, was less enthused. "Federal law still says marijuana is an illegal drug, so don't break out the Cheetos or gold fish too quickly," he said.

The results in Maine and Maryland broke a 32-state streak, dating to 1998, in which gay marriage had been rebuffed by every state that voted on it. They will become the seventh and eighth states to allow same-sex couples to marry.

In another gay-rights victory, Minnesota voters defeated a proposed constitutional amendment that would banned same-sex marriage in the state. Similar measures were approved in 30 other states, most recently in North Carolina in May.

"The tide has turned ? when voters have the opportunity to really hear directly from loving, committed same-sex couples and their families, they voted for fairness," said Rick Jacobs of the Courage Campaign, a California-based gay rights group. "Those who oppose the freedom to marry for committed couples are clearly on the wrong side of history."

Washington state also voted on a measure to legalize same-sex marriage, though results were not expected until Wednesday at the soonest.

The outcomes of the marriage votes could influence the U.S. Supreme Court, which will soon consider whether to take up cases challenging the law that denies federal recognition to same-sex marriages. The gay-rights victories come on the heels of numerous national polls that, for the first time, show a majority of Americans supporting same-sex marriage.

Maine's referendum marked the first time that gay-rights supporters put same-sex marriage to a popular vote. They collected enough signatures to schedule the vote, hoping to reverse a 2009 referendum that quashed a gay-marriage law enacted by the Legislature.

In Maryland and Washington, gay-marriage laws were approved by lawmakers and signed by the governors this year, but opponents gathered enough signatures to challenge the laws.

Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley, who campaigned vigorously for the marriage measure, spoke to a jubilant crowd in Baltimore. Christopher Wold, 31, danced with his partner of four years after the result became clear. He said they would like to marry now that it's legal in Maryland.

"It feels so good to be accepted by so many people of all different backgrounds," he said. "It just feels wonderful."

The president of the most active advocacy group opposing same-sex marriage, Brian Brown of the National Organization for Marriage, insisted Tuesday's results did not mark a watershed moment.

"At the end of the day, we're still at 32 victories," he said. "Just because two extreme blue states vote for gay marriage doesn't mean the Supreme Court will create a constitutional right for it out of thin air."

Heading into the election, gay marriage was legal in six states and the District of Columbia ? in each case the result of legislation or court orders, not by a vote of the people.

The marijuana measures in Colorado and Washington will likely pose a headache for the U.S. Justice Department and the Drug Enforcement Administration, which consider pot an illegal drug. The DOJ has declined to say how it would respond if the measures were approved.

Colorado's Amendment 64 will allow adults over 21 to possess up to an ounce of marijuana, though using the drug publicly would be banned. The amendment would allow people to grow up to six marijuana plants in a private, secure area.

Washington's measure establishes a system of state-licensed marijuana growers, processors and stores, where adults can buy up to an ounce. It also establishes a standard blood test limit for driving under the influence.

The Washington measure was notable for its sponsors and supporters, who ranged from public health experts and wealthy high-tech executives to two former top Justice Department's officials in Seattle, U.S. Attorneys John McKay and Kate Pflaumer.

"Marijuana policy reform remains an issue where the people lead and the politicians follow," said Ethan Nadelmann of the Drug Policy Alliance, which opposes the co-called "war on drugs." ''But Washington state shows that many politicians are beginning to catch up."

Estimates show pot taxes could bring in hundreds of millions of dollars a year, but the sales won't start until state officials make rules to govern the legal weed industry.

The Washington measure was opposed by Derek Franklin, president of the Washington Association for Substance Abuse and Violence Prevention.

"Legalizing is going to increase marijuana use among kids and really create a mess with the federal government," Franklin said. "It's a bit of a tragedy for the state."

In Oregon, a marijuana-legalization measure was defeated. In Massachusetts, voters approved a measure to allow marijuana use for medical reasons, joining 17 other states. Arkansas voters rejected a similar measure.

In all, 176 measures were on the ballots Tuesday in 38 states, according to the Initiative and Referendum Institute at the University of Southern California.

Other notable results:

? Maryland voters approved a measure allowing illegal immigrants to pay in-state college tuition, provided they attended a state high school for three years and can show they filed state income tax returns during that time. About a dozen other states have similar laws, but Maryland's is the first to be approved by voters.

? In Oklahoma, voters approved a Republican-backed measure that wipes out all affirmative action programs in state government hiring, education and contracting practices. Similar steps have been taken previously in Arizona, California, Michigan, Nebraska and Washington.

? In Michigan, labor unions suffered a big loss. Voters rejected a first-of-its-kind ballot initiative that would have put collective bargaining rights in the state constitution.

___

Contributing to this report were Brian Witte in Annapolis, Md.; Nicholas K. Geranios and Gene Johnson in Seattle; Clarke Canfield in Portland, Maine, and Kristen Wyatt in Denver.

___

Follow David Crary on Twitter at http://twitter.com/CraryAP

Associated Press

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Inzamam-ul-Haq hails revival of Pakistan-India cricket ties ? Cricket ...

Inzamam-ul-Haq hails revival of Pakistan-India cricket ties ? Cricket News Update

Former Pakistan skipper Inzamam-ul-Haq on Tuesday welcomed Pakistan Cricket Board?s decision to send the national team to India to resume the cricketing ties between the arch-rivals, and called on the latter to reciprocate soon.

?I?m really happy that this positive development has taken place because it is important that Pakistan and India play bilateral series against each other on a regular basis,? said the legendary Pakistan batsman in an interview.

Giving the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) credit for the resumption of the long-awaited bilateral series, Inzamam said that playing against their Indian counterparts has always been of great significance for the Pakistan cricketers.

?...Playing against India...is always special and a treat for people in both countries,? the veteran batsman, who played 120 Tests and 378 One Day Internationals for his country, between 1991 and 2007.

?It?s good we?ll soon resume bilateral ties and for this I think the Pakistan Cricket Board deserves a lot of credit for making this happen,? Inzamam added further.

Pakistan cricket team is due to tour India between December 22 and January 7, to play two T20 Internationals and three One Day Internationals against the hosts. The itinerary kick starts on December 25, with a T20 International in Bangalore and will run till January 7.

This will be the first bilateral series between the arch-rivals since December 2007. The 2008 India tour of Pakistan was called off by the BCCI in the aftermath of the deadly Mumbai attacks. Inzamam, 42, hoped the resumption of cricketing ties would help foster better relations between the nemeses. He also urged the BCCI to send its national team to Pakistan to ensure long-term resumption of the bilateral ties.

?Sadly there have been frequent breaks in bilateral series between the two countries but I hope that this time this will last, and I would urge India to also tour Pakistan and play a full Test series,? Inzamam said.

The former skipper also welcomed Pakistan Cricket Board?s (PCB) move to organise its own Twenty20 league, the Pakistan Premier League (PPL), and hoped for the international players to come and play in the competition.

Source: http://blogs.bettor.com/Inzamam-ul-Haq-hails-revival-of-Pakistan-India-cricket-ties-Cricket-News-Update-a199634

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